Re: [Cz-L] Ukraine's Vanquished Jews - Daunting struggle to preserve Jewish heritage

Hello Mimi
Lemberg, as it was called by the Jews was a much bigger city then
Czernowitz, it was the capital of Galicia, and consequently had bigger
Jewish population and many more cultural institutions. The Jewish
Encyclopedia records that in 1900 there were already 44.801 Jews in
Lemberg, and probably a much greater number in the years before the
Second World War. Another source indicates: "At the time of the German
occupation, there were about 160,000 Jews in the town."
Here is some more data about Lemberg from the JE:

Lemberg is well provided with Jewish institutions. The first synagogue
was built by the Karaites in 1582. The Ashkenazic synagogue, the title
to which was contested by the Jesuits, followed in 1632; this ancient
building has capacious vestry-rooms that are now used as separate
synagogues. Since the Karaites removed from Lemberg their synagogue
has been occupied by Rabbinite Jews. Altogether, Lemberg has three
large synagogues and nine smaller synagogues, two batte ha-midrashot,
the "Chorschule," or "Temple" (dedicated in 1846), a commodious Jewish
hospital, an orphan asylum, a technical school, regular Talmud Torah
schools, and several yeshibot. A new Jewish hospital costing 800,000
crowns ($160,000) was founded Oct. 1, 1902, to commemorate the
seventieth birthday of Prof. Moritz Lazarus.

Lemberg has seven Jewish printing establishments, the first dating
from 1611. During the eighteenth century it was the principal Austrian
center for Hebrew publications. Since the removal of censorship in
1848 the printing of Jewish works has greatly increased. As a
commercial and industrial center Lemberg is even more important than
Cracow. Next to the Germans, the Jews control the greatest amount of
business.

There is no wonder that Lemberg is of greater interest than
Czernowitz. I believe that Czernowitz had relatively a greater
percentage of  modern, western educated Jews (called Daitschen by the
religious Jews of Czernowitz) than Lemberg, and possibly also an
absolutely greater number, and more modern, universal  artists,
writers etc. than Lemberg.

Pal Heger

On Sat, Jul 16, 2011 at 9:14 AM, Miriam Taylor <mirtaylo_at_indiana.edu> wrote:
>
> Hardy is right.
> Halycnia, or more correctly Halicz, is another name for Galicia.
>  From 1775 till 1786, for 11 years, the Austrian government
> included Czernowitz in the kingdom of Galicia.
> Then it was again part of Galicia for one year, from 1860 till 1861.
> When it was reinstated as a separate province in 1861, this was done
> because the local population, so desired it.
>
> In the 19th century, in Lviv and surrounding area the majority of the
> population was Polish.
> In Czernowitz and vicinity, Poles were a small minority.
>
> Mimi
>
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Received on 2011-07-16 09:59:05