Shevele Grinberg (centre), daughter of Israel Alter Kastner (b. ca. 1911) and daughters Hilde ( left) and Reghina-"Pitchiu" (right), d. Transnistria 1941-1944.
Shevele's husband, Nathan Grinberg, a barber, never made much of a living. Her marriage was very unhappy. He left his family on several occasions, to go to live with various mistresses, and promising when he returned, that it would be the last time. Finally, in exasperation, Shevele's father, Israel "Alter" Kastner, sent her to learn the trade of hairdressing so that she could earn some money for the family to live on. However, it was difficult for her to support her family on her meager income.
When, in l94l, they (Alter, his wife Gittel, Shevele,
her two little girls, and Nathan) were deported to Transnistria, Shevele's
husband was living with a much-younger mistress, a non-Jew, who was also
deported with them. Nathan had met this woman in the barbershop where
they both worked; she had done the shaving of men's beards. After
liberation, by the Russians, in l944, the woman returned to Czernowitz,
to tell everyone what had happened in those three years - she was
the only survivor!
Top row (l-r): Emanuel, Karol-Karl-Chaim, Max; Front
row (l-r): Batsheva-Sheva, Lea, Avrum, Robert, and Rosella Kastner. Taken
in Czernowitz around 1960.
Batsheva/Sheva (née?) & Avrum/Abraham Kastner, ca. 1960 - Czernowitz.
Avrum Kastner & his wife Batsheva had three sons,
Muniu, Chaim and Max (born 1920,'23 and '31). The family lived in a very
large house in Cznerowitz, which they shared with Batsheva's parents. Max
was in the lucrative business of selling tanned leather skins to shoemakers,
and stored his supplies of leather in the basement of his home. The
eldest of Avrum's sons, "Muniu", artistically gifted, worked for the Romanians
during the war, painting posters for the cinema industry.
The Srul-Israel Kastner home in Radauti prior to 1941
In 1941 all Jews in the neighbourhood were ordered to
pack whatever belongings they could and go to the railway station.
They were all under the impression that they were going to be deported.
These unfortunate people were all forced to remain in the street for as
far as the eye could see, with their bundles and goods piled in wagons.
Avrum Kastner owned a
much larger than average wagon, which he used for moving
his supplies. However, as there were no horses available, the wagons were
impossible to move, so everyone stayed where they were in the street. After
several hours, some soldiers came by and ordered all those Jews in front
of Avrum Kastner's house, to go inside and remain there; they gave similar
orders to other
groups of people, who were congregated near the larger
houses.
This situation dragged on for several days, and finally
the oppressors diminished the ghetto in size, and Avrum's house was then
no longer situated within the new boundaries. The families camped there
were forcibly sent to other houses (within the new boundaries of the ghetto.)
Fearing deportation to Transnistria, these displaced families buried their
valuables, money,
etc., under the boards of basements and in the walls
of houses - trying desperately to save whatever they could. Later, most
of the Jews were allowed to return to their own homes, and soon after,
were again ordered to move to other places to allow the Romanians to take
possession of their homes. Avrum's family continued to live in Cznerowitz,
following the end of the war for a time, later emigrating to Israel.