Re: [Cz] Farming Communities

When Galizia and Bukovina became part of the Austrian Empire,
Jews were initially not allowed to own land, but in 1812, during the
reign
of Joseph the second,the son of Maria Theresia, this was changed
and not only were Jews within the Austrian Empire allowed to own land,
but each village had to give land to Jewish farmers in proportion
to the size of the village.
This change in attitude of the Austrian government was due to their wish
to solve what they called the "Jewish problem".
Sometime in the late 18th century, Jews in the eastern part
of the Austrian empire had been forbidden to produce or sell
alcoholic beverages.
Because this had been the occupation of very many of them,
the Jewish population became very poor and a new subgroup arose among
them;
the "Bettel-Juden" (beggar-Jews)

By the late 19th century, there were Jews living in most Bukovina
villages,
in Galicia and in Transcarpathia, as well as in Maramures,
currently north-west Romania.
All my great-grandparents, in the 19th century, lived in villages
and most of them farmed the land.

Mimi
On Jan 16, 2014, at 11:58 AM, Charles Polak wrote:

> [Plain text next time please... this one was Content-Type:
> multipart/alternative a
> combination of html and plain text --thanks]
>
> There may have been towns in Galicia where Jews farmed and owned
> land, but =
> classically Jews were not allowed to own land either in the Polish-
> Lithuani=
> an Rzeczpospolita (the entire 'Pale' later within the Russian
> Empire) or fo=
> r many years in the Austrian Empire proper, which after the last
> partition =
> of Poland came to include the 'Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria'.
> Within th=
> e Kingdom of Hungary and (outside what was ever to become the
> Austro-Hungar=
> ian Empire) the Romanian kingdoms, including Moldavia (both always-
> Romanian=
> 'Regat' Moldavia and the often Russian-ruled Bessarabia that is
> now indepe=
> ndent Moldova), Jews were allowed to own land. Real rustic Jews of
> Yiddish-=
> speaking, Galician-like Ashkenazi heritage were characteristic of
> Sub/Trans=
> carpathian Ruthenia - once 3-4 far north-eastern counties of
> Hungary, betwe=
> en the Wars the easternmost part of the 1st Czechoslovak Republic,
> today a =
> poor, remote and beautiful part of Ukraine - and of Romanian
> Moldavia and B=
> essarabia. Real peasant folkways among these people very much
> encompassed K=
> lezmer music, shared with both the Ruthenian (west Ukrainian)
> peasantry and=
> with the Rroma gypsies, and the Badchan wedding jesters from which
> a broad=
> er Yiddish theatre emerged, especially around Iasi/Jassy, capital
> of Romani=
> an Moldavia.
>
> Charles Polak

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Received on 2014-01-17 08:58:11