Edgar,
So Czernowitz 1812- 1918 was a one time event
Never to return in history,
Hardy
-----äåãòä î÷åøéú-----
îàú: Edgar Hauster [mailto:bconcept_at_hotmail.com]
ðùìç: Sunday, January 18, 2015 11:10 AM
àì: Hardy Breier; 'Shula 2'; Czernowitz Discussion Group
ðåùà: RE: [Cz-L] Brutmanns of Czernowitz. Or...?
Shula...
Hardy is asking: "From where and why did they come?"
Well, here are some good reasons, excerpted from H. F. van Drunen's book "A
Sanguine Bunch", available for free download at our Czernowitz Book Corner:
http://czernowitzbook.blogspot.de/2015/01/a-sanguine-bunch.html
"In 1781, Joseph II had allowed Jews to lease arable land on the condition
that they were long-term residents. Purchase of that land was possible after
a lease period of twenty years and after the applicant had been baptised.
Initially, Jews were not allowed to own real estate in the cities. Family
names were forcibly Germanised. In 1789, the Emperor issued the Jewish
Arrangement Edict (Judenordnungspatent) for Galicia and Bukovina, which
allowed Jews to choose their professions freely. From 1812 settling
restriction for Jews in Bukovina were lifted as long as the Jewish settlers
applied for formal permission with the authorities. In comparison to Russia
and Galicia, Austrian Bukovina was an attractive destination: for artisans
and tradespeople there was no competition to speak of, taxes and costs of
living were significantly lower and Bukovinian Jews were exempt from
compulsory military service. […] After the 1848, the last limitations to the
freedom of movement for Jews were lifted. As a result, the Jewish share of
the Bukovinian population grew from 3.8% (1850) to 11.8% (1880)." (p.
203-204) [...]
"Czernowitz had the highest proportion of Jews compared to other Austrian
cities. Prior to the First World War, their number of almost 30,000 made up
approximately 33% of the city’s residents. As such, it was it was the
fourth-largest Jewish city in Austria after Vienna, Lemberg and Cracow.
Czernowitz-born Israeli historian Zvi Javetz maintained that by 1918, Jews
accounted for no less than 47% of Czernowitz. While Orthodox Jews resisted
Germanisation and modernisation policies, the beneficial conditions in
Bukovina attracted more and more Jewish hopefuls from outside the crownland.
Czernowitz emancipated from a provincial backwater into a commercially and
culturally bustling centre. Unlike West and Central European cities, it
lacked a traditional Christian bourgeo is upper class. This void was filled
by the Jews. Their integration into society is aptly illustrated by the fact
that the first stone for the new Czernowitz synagogue was laid by Chief
Rabbi Lazar Igel and the second by Orthodox Metropolitan Eugenie Hacman.
Apart from two Jewish mayors, the city’s university also had several Jewish
deans." (p. 208-209) [...]
Enjoy the reading!
Edgar Hauster
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Received on 2015-01-18 08:33:39