--Apple-Mail=_F0A2CF4E-1C74-4A1A-8EF0-8F9863C1231A
Dear All,
thanks a lot for your starting answers! I hope a lot more will follow, =
because I already learned new things, like remigration from Austria to =
Bukowina.
I would like to pick up your mail Yosef to answer in general, to make my =
point more clearer.
Visiting the university of Vienna before the end of the monarchy is not =
extraordinary - visiting it afterward is indeed: as Romanian citizen you =
were accepted as =E2=80=9Eau=C3=9Ferordentlicher Hoehrer=E2=80=9C =
(exceptional Listener), you had to pay more fees to get a student. But =
keeping in mind that the Romanian government refused approx. 100k =
Bukovinians citizenship - they didn=E2=80=99t had any possibility for =
even traveling.
The migration to Austria in interwar-period ist completely different =
from the time before - bureaucratic but even more the spirit, the mood =
on both sides of the journey. The starting Romanization in Bukowina =
tries to get rid of all minorities - but in especially of the Jews. And =
I believe that this regression was harder to stand after a period of =
relative tolerance. There is as well the question of loyalty, because =
large sections of the jewish population stayed loyal to Austria and felt =
themselves associated (although the republic was not the monarchy =
anymore and chancellor Renner not Kaiser Franz Josef - neither de facto =
nor emotional). ,Austria and especially Vienna stayed their homeland, =
Romania never got=E2=80=99 (translated quoted from Felix Zuckermann). =
But in Austria not only the political system changed: National-socialism =
didn=E2=80=99t fall from heaven, Anti-Semitism was constantly present =
and the =E2=80=9EOstjuden=E2=80=9C (eastern jewry) were one of the main =
objectives. But in interwar-period the =E2=80=9EOstjuden=E2=80=9C were =
already gone (see e.g. Mettauer, Staudinger: =E2=80=9EOstjuden=E2=80=9C =
Geschichte und Mythos) and so the clich=C3=A9 of the poor, uneducated, =
deeply religious =E2=80=9ESchtettl-Juden=E2=80=9C got on the one hand an =
=E2=80=9EAnti-semitsm without Jews=E2=80=9C (Paul Lendvai) and one the =
other hand the stereotypes (or part of it) were transported and =
projected on all jews. The drawn Anti-semitic pictures of that time will =
find their way to the St=C3=BCrmer. The first National-Socialistic Party =
(by the name) was not established in Germany it was founded in Styria, =
Austria.
And - as far as I see it now - it was a different migration after the =
war: within the war all social groups made their way to Austria; they =
were war refugees and pretty much all of them left with the end of the =
war: most went =E2=80=9Ehome", others went further, especially to the =
US. The people who came to Austria in interwar-period were mainly upper =
class, who could afford. This is obvious, when you see in what districts =
the migrants lived: within the war, especially in cheap, =
workers-districts like Meidling,Favoriten, Ottakring, etc. The migrants =
who came after the war mainly moved to Leopoldstadt, Mariahilf, Neubau =
and Josefstadt - or even to Hietzing and Grinzing. Most of them were =
highly educated or higher civil servants.
Please keep going on, sending your family histories!
All the best, Benjamin
> Am 07.01.2018 um 15:20 schrieb eshet yosef <eshet1_at_netvision.net.il>:
>=20
>=20
> We must remember that till ww1 Bukovina and Czernowitz were considered =
part
> of Austria. Therefore it was only natural that people went to study in
> Vienna (like my father) and others of my family who moved there or =
other
> parts of the Austro-Hungarian empire. A small anecdote: one of my =
maternal
> great grandmother's family who wanted to become railway station =
manager in
> Vienna converted to Christianity to get the job Nevertheless it didn't =
help
> him when the Nazis came and he lost his life in Buchenwald his =
Christian
> offspring survived. Another one went to study nuclear physics in =
Zurich
> when the Nazis came to power. After finishing his studies succeeded to =
join
> the Manhattan project in the USA, and in the sixties of last century =
met
> surviving family members here in Israel. Bruce, maybe you remember You
> helped me locate his grave in Los Alamos. Those are only two episodes =
from
> many others.
> Yosef Eshet
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Received on 2018-01-08 12:11:33