RE: [Cz-L] czernowitz-l digest: April 17, 2012

Helene...
 
Thank you very much for your mail. Let me come back to your questions by quoting first the "FINAL REPORT of the International Commission on the Holocaust in Romania", p. 28, as follows:
 
"In addition to the Jews of Bessarabia, Bukovina, and Moldavia as well as the local Jews of Transnistria, Romanian Jews living abroad also suffered as a result of Antonescu’s policies. According to international convention, Romanian consulates were expected to protect Romanian citizens abroad, regardless of their “nationality.” In May 1941 this protection was withdrawn from the Jews whose citizenship had been “revised” and from those Jews born in Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina (then held by the USSR); in the summer of 1942 Romania backtracked and once again treated Jews born in Bessarabia and Bukovina as its citizens. The German Foreign Office asserted several times during the summer of 1942 that Ion Antonescu “had agreed with Ambassador von Killinger that Romanian citizens of Jewish ancestry in Germany and the occupied territories should be treated in the same manner as German Jews. The direct impact of the approval was the deportation of nearly 1,600 Romanian citizens of Jewish ancestry living in Germany and Austria; of an unknown number from occupied Bohemia and Moravia, Poland, and Holland; and of 3,000 more from France. Most perished in concentration camps. The Romanian government policy concerning the protection of the Romanian Jews abroad changed at the end of spring 1943. Romania started to protect the Romanian Jews living abroad."
 
English and Romanian - http://www.ushmm.org/research/center/presentations/features/details/2005-03-10/
German: http://wiesel-kommission.blogspot.de/
 
All of us know the terrible meaning of the statement, "that Romanian citizens of Jewish ancestry in Germany and the occupied territories should be treated in the same manner as German Jews." From the website of the KazerneDossin Memorial in Mechelen we learn as follows:
 
"Kazerne Dossin was the antechamber of death. From here, 25,835 men, women, children and senior citizens departed to Auschwitz-Birkenau between 1942 and 1944. This figure was composed by 25,484 Jews – almost half of Belgium’s Jewish population – and 351 Gypsies. The youngest deportee was 35 days old, the oldest 93 years of age. Of these 25,835 people, 576 escaped during the journey. 24,019 of the remainder would die: they were either gassed in Birkenau or died in the slave labour camp of Auschwitz or during the subsequent death march. Just 1,240 deportees – or less than 5% – returned to Belgium in May 1945. 32 Gypsies were among the survivors. When war broke out, the Jewish population represented approximately 1% of the Belgian population. At the end of the war in 1945, 50% of all civilian casualties were Jewish. The transportation of over 25,000 Jews and Gypsies was a German crime, carried out by the Nazis. However, their plan could not succeed without the cooperation of:
 
- the Belgian civil service that, as a whole, principally accepted the persecution of the Jews and within the framework of the law, cooperated with the occupier
- Belgian collaborating paramilitary parties and organisations who would present themselves as Jew hunters
 
This cooperation strongly contributed to the end result: a death toll of 44% of Jews. With this, the figures of the ‘Final Solution’ in Belgium lie between those of France (25%) and the Netherlands (80%)."
 
KazerneDossin Memorial: http://www.kazernedossin.be/en
 
Concerning the number of Romanian Jews in Belgium, I have to check the 4 volumes of the publication "Mecheln-Auschwitz 1942-1944: The Destruction of the Jews and Gypsies from Belgium":
 
http://www.amazon.com/Mecheln-Auschwitz-1942-1944-Destruction-Gypsies-Belgium/dp/9054875372
 
Concerning my uncle Maximilian Hauster, murdered in Auschwitz in the year 1943, I'll come back with a separate posting. I do hope, dear Helene, these data will be helpful to you.
 
Warmest wishes for now from the Netherlands!

Edgar Hauster
Lent - The Netherlands

----------------------------------------
> From: hryding_at_yahoo.co.uk
> Subject: Re: [Cz-L] czernowitz-l digest: April 17, 2012
> Date: Wed, 18 Apr 2012 16:00:38 +0300
> To: czernowitz-l_at_list.cornell.edu
>
> [Please post in Plain Text --thanks]
>
> Dear Listers
>
> My sister and I both noticed in Edgar Hauster's "origins" that his =
> uncle Maximilian Hauster lost his Romanian citizenship by a Ion =
> Antonescu decree and was imprisoned in a Belgian concentration camp in =
> the war. =20
>
> We would like to ask a bit more about this decree, since our father =
> Julius Suknowicz (born 1905 in Czernowitz) had been in Brussels in the =
> years up to the war, having Romanian nationality and managed to avoid =
> the Belgian concentration camp somehow, reappearing after the war. When =
> was the decree? Were there many Romanians in Belgium at the time?
>
> Best regards
>
> Helene Ryding
> hryding_at_yahoo.co.uk
>
>
>

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Received on 2012-04-18 11:57:34