Re: [Cz-L] czernowitz-l digest: April 17, 2012

I would like to make a comment based on a fact known to me personally. My
maternal grandmother Rebecca Ruhm nee Weiner had two sisters who emigrated
to Berlin, Germany after WW1. One was Anna Buhler nee Weiner who received
the German citizenship, the other was Lotte Weiner who kept her Romanian
citizenship. Anna Buhler and her husband were deported in 1942 to Auschwitz
and annihilated there. Lotte Weiner lived all the time through WW2 in Berlin
based on the fact that she was a Romanian citizen and survived. She died in
west Berlin in 1979 aged 94. An interesting fact: Tante Lotte was an
independent strong-minded woman. Her life partner was a non-Jewish
Parliament member from the socialist party. He was arrested by the Nazis in
1938 and perished in one of their camps. Tante Anna's son Jacob and his wife
Aliza came as "Khalutzim" in 1933 to what was then Palestine. All their
descendants live and prosper in Israel.
Yosef Eshet

----- Original Message -----
From: "Edgar Hauster" <bconcept_at_hotmail.com>
To: "Helene Ryding" <hryding_at_yahoo.co.uk>
Cc: <czernowitz-l_at_list.cornell.edu>
Sent: Wednesday, April 18, 2012 8:23 PM
Subject: RE: [Cz-L] czernowitz-l digest: April 17, 2012

Helene...

Thank you very much for your mail. Let me come back to your questions by
quoting first the "FINAL REPORT of the International Commission on the
Holocaust in Romania", p. 28, as follows:

"In addition to the Jews of Bessarabia, Bukovina, and Moldavia as well as
the local Jews of Transnistria, Romanian Jews living abroad also suffered as
a result of Antonescu’s policies. According to international convention,
Romanian consulates were expected to protect Romanian citizens abroad,
regardless of their “nationality.” In May 1941 this protection was withdrawn
from the Jews whose citizenship had been “revised” and from those Jews born
in Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina (then held by the USSR); in the summer
of 1942 Romania backtracked and once again treated Jews born in Bessarabia
and Bukovina as its citizens. The German Foreign Office asserted several
times during the summer of 1942 that Ion Antonescu “had agreed with
Ambassador von Killinger that Romanian citizens of Jewish ancestry in
Germany and the occupied territories should be treated in the same manner as
German Jews. The direct impact of the approval was the deportation of nearly
1,600 Romanian citizens of Jewish ancestry living in Germany and Austria; of
an unknown number from occupied Bohemia and Moravia, Poland, and Holland;
and of 3,000 more from France. Most perished in concentration camps. The
Romanian government policy concerning the protection of the Romanian Jews
abroad changed at the end of spring 1943. Romania started to protect the
Romanian Jews living abroad."

English and Romanian -
http://www.ushmm.org/research/center/presentations/features/details/2005-03-10/
German: http://wiesel-kommission.blogspot.de/

All of us know the terrible meaning of the statement, "that Romanian
citizens of Jewish ancestry in Germany and the occupied territories should
be treated in the same manner as German Jews." From the website of the
KazerneDossin Memorial in Mechelen we learn as follows:

"Kazerne Dossin was the antechamber of death. From here, 25,835 men, women,
children and senior citizens departed to Auschwitz-Birkenau between 1942 and
1944. This figure was composed by 25,484 Jews – almost half of Belgium’s
Jewish population – and 351 Gypsies. The youngest deportee was 35 days old,
the oldest 93 years of age. Of these 25,835 people, 576 escaped during the
journey. 24,019 of the remainder would die: they were either gassed in
Birkenau or died in the slave labour camp of Auschwitz or during the
subsequent death march. Just 1,240 deportees – or less than 5% – returned to
Belgium in May 1945. 32 Gypsies were among the survivors. When war broke
out, the Jewish population represented approximately 1% of the Belgian
population. At the end of the war in 1945, 50% of all civilian casualties
were Jewish. The transportation of over 25,000 Jews and Gypsies was a German
crime, carried out by the Nazis. However, their plan could not succeed
without the cooperation of:

- the Belgian civil service that, as a whole, principally accepted the
persecution of the Jews and within the framework of the law, cooperated with
the occupier
- Belgian collaborating paramilitary parties and organisations who would
present themselves as Jew hunters

This cooperation strongly contributed to the end result: a death toll of 44%
of Jews. With this, the figures of the ‘Final Solution’ in Belgium lie
between those of France (25%) and the Netherlands (80%)."

KazerneDossin Memorial: http://www.kazernedossin.be/en

Concerning the number of Romanian Jews in Belgium, I have to check the 4
volumes of the publication "Mecheln-Auschwitz 1942-1944: The Destruction of
the Jews and Gypsies from Belgium":

http://www.amazon.com/Mecheln-Auschwitz-1942-1944-Destruction-Gypsies-Belgium/dp/9054875372

Concerning my uncle Maximilian Hauster, murdered in Auschwitz in the year
1943, I'll come back with a separate posting. I do hope, dear Helene, these
data will be helpful to you.

Warmest wishes for now from the Netherlands!

Edgar Hauster
Lent - The Netherlands

-snip-
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Received on 2012-04-19 05:45:45