Dear Irene,
Thank you so much for your message and, yes, it's exactly as you stated: Th=
e Jewish Taxpayers Registry started as early as 1786 - 1787 and seems to co=
ver the period of time until about 1799. No doubt about, the taxation of th=
e Jewish families and their abusive increase was used as a deterrent toward=
s the Bukovinan Jews. Let me draw your attention to H. F. van Drunen's thes=
is "A Sanguine Bunch", available at our Czernowitz Book Corner
http://czernowitzbook.blogspot.de/2015/01/a-sanguine-bunch.html
and especially to the chapter 3.5 "The Jewish Presence in Bikovina", see p.=
201
http://dare.uva.nl/document/2/126264
from which we learn as follows: "The number of Jews is estimated at 3,000 a=
t the time of the Austrian occupation with Yiddish as their language of =
conversation and Hebrew as their language of worship. According to Germa=
nist Peter Rychlo, next to two ‘indigenous’ ethnic groups - the Rutheni=
ans and the Romanians - since the Middle Ages the Jews had been ‘more ind=
igenous’ than the other inhabitants of the area. Splény, the first Aust=
rian commander, noted that Wiznitz and Sadagora already had significant num=
bers of Jewish inhabitants before his arrival. […] Although Splény did =
not allow Jews to own villages as a whole, the practic e continued to persi=
st under his successor Enzenberg. Admittedly, Splény had complained of th=
e number of Jews in the newly occupied area, but this had not stopped him f=
rom encouraging Jewish immigration. Enzenberg however, on behalf of Vienna =
as well as from his own conviction, sought to bring down the number of Jews=
to that of the pre-Austrian times, which was said to have been limited to =
200 families. Hopefuls arriving from Galicia were thus forced to return and=
sporadic attempts to establish Jews as farmers were averted by settlement =
restraints and administrative reluctance. By 1786, Enzenberg reported a dec=
line from 714 to 175 Jewish families during the preceding four years. On th=
e other hand, the Austrians had to conclude that the Jews in their function=
as middle men were vital to both the farmers who needed to sell their prod=
uce and to the Austrian troops and functionaries who needed to be provided =
with nutrition."
Warmest wishes to you, dear Irene!
Edgar Hauster
----------------------------------------
> From: irenef_at_netvision.net.il
> To: bconcept_at_hotmail.com; czernowitz-l_at_cornell.edu
> Subject: RE: [Cz-L] Jewish Taxpayers in Bukovina at the End of 18th Centu=
ry
> Date: Mon, 9 Nov 2015 16:11:51 +0200
>
> Dear Martina and Edgar,
>
> Congratulations !
> This work is sort of a Masterpiece !
> Quite interactive. It leads to a set of new questions about life in the
> 18th century:
>
> Why is there a Taxpayers Registry for Jews only? ( the "protection-tax"?)
> I understand it was started in 1786-87 .
> Then, from time to time, they wrote additions until about ten years later
> when the tax increased from 5 Florints to over 12 Fl ( per year?/ per
> person)
> Those who could not pay- their status changed to "poor" - were expelled f=
rom
> their houses?
>
> Thank you very much!
> Irene
=
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Received on 2015-11-10 04:36:30